Kaingang and Guarani: the situation as reported locally in Campo Mourão-PR

Abstract

In the state of Paraná, the native peoples suffered from invasions by the Portuguese and Spanish colonizers and also from pioneers, such as the Paulista bandeirantes. The Kaingang and Guarani ethnic groups are among the main ones in the state, and their territorial predominance has been modified by mobility resulting from escapes, territorial expropriation, and economic and political conflicts. Therefore, this research aims to understand the presence, experience, and recurrent mobility of the Kaingang and Guarani ethnic groups in Campo Mourão-PR. The methodological contribution was made up of research on electronic sites of local news about the Kaingang and Guarani ethnic groups in Campo Mourão regarding the social and political situation involving indigenous issues in urban and rural spaces. The results of the research indicate that the displacement, temporary or permanent, of indigenous groups to the cities occurs due to the need for physical and cultural survival and also for quality of life, since they face territorial and environmental degradation, exploitation, poverty, and others, which have worsened with urban expansion. Such results highlight the need for the promotion of public policies by the public authorities, appropriate to the recognition of indigenous peoples in the municipality, reducing segregation by society, promoting visibility, knowing the needs of these indigenous populations in urban and rural areas, and corroborating the observance and enforcement of their fundamental constitutional rights.